Anal Fissure: Causes and Treatment

 

Anal Fissure: Causes and Treatment

Description of anal fissure:  

An anal fissure is a tear or rip that develops in the lining of the anus. The tear may extend into the internal sphincter (a circular ring of smooth muscle). When an anal fissure forms, the internal sphincter muscle goes into spasm which leads to more tears and limits blood flow to the area. Anal fissures occur in a tissue known as anoderm. Most anal fissures occur in the posterior midline of the anus; few occur in the anterior midline. Anal fissures cause severe pain while passing stools.

Anal fissures can occur in any age group. It usually heals within a few days or weeks but if it does not recuperate after 6 weeks, it is considered a chronic fissure where medical attention is required.

The pressure in the anal sphincters that control the anus may be the cause of fissures. Anal fissure causes include constipation, straining during a bowel movement, hard stool, childbirth, inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic diarrhea, long-standing misuse/overuse of laxatives, and anal sex. The less common causes: HIV, syphilis, tuberculosis, herpes, and anal cancer.

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